Relación de la supervisión a través del aprendizaje dirigido y el desempeño laboral de enfermería / Relationship of supervision through directed learning and nursing job performance

Introducción:La supervisión de enfermería juega un papel fundamental en la implementación de estrategias de aprendizaje dirigido que mejoren el desempeño laboral de los profesionales, garantizando así una atención de calidad. Objetivo:Evaluarla relación que existe entre la supervisión a través del aprendizaje dirigido y el desempeño laboral de enfermería. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal desarrollado en el área de urgencias deun Instituto Nacional de Salud de la Ciudad de México, en2022. El universo estuvo conformado por profesionales de enfermería del Instituto Nacional deNutrición, la muestra fue de 90profesionales seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple, Se utilizó un instrumento que mide el desempeño laboral y la supervisión a través de una escala tipo Likert que va de nunca a siempre, clasificando las variables en tres categorías: nivel bajo, nivel medio y nivel alto. Resultados:existe una correlación directamente proporcional entre la supervisión a través del aprendizaje dirigido y el desempeño laboral, es decir un nivel medio de la categoría del instrumento, a mayor supervisión mayor desempeño laboral; así como, cuando existe mayor capacitación, comunicación, supervisión programada, hay un mayor desempeño laboral. Conclusiones: Los resultados evidencian que al impulsar la implementación del proceso de supervisión mediante el modelo de aprendizaje dirigido es posible potencializar el desempeño laboral de los profesionales de enfermería. Asimismo, el desempeño laboral del profesional se beneficia mediante las estrategias de supervisión como son: la capacitación continua, la comunicación efectiva, la retroalimentación y la supervisión programada

Introduction:Nursing supervision plays a fundamental role in the implementation of directed learning strategies that improve the job performance of professionals, thus ensuring quality care. Objective: To evaluatethe relationship between supervision through directedlearning and nursing job performance. Methodology: quantitative study with a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, cross-sectional design in the emergency department of a National Health Institute in Mexico City, from March to May 2022. The universe was made up of nursing professionals from the National Instituteof Nutrition, the sample was 90professionals selected by simple random sampling. An instrument was used to measure job performance and supervision through a Likert-type scale ranging fromnever to always, classifying the variables into three categories: low level, medium level and high level. Results: there is a directly proportional correlation between supervision through directed learning and job performance, i.e. a medium level of the instrument category, the higher the supervision the higher the job performance; as well as, when there is more training, communication, programmed supervision, there is higher job performance. Conclusions: The results show that by promoting the implementation of the supervision process through the directed learning model, it is possible to enhance the work performance of nursing professionals. Likewise, the professional's work performance benefits from supervision strategies such as: continuous training, effective communication, feedback and programmed supervision

A narrative review of the impact of work hours and insufficient rest on job performance.

OBJECTIVE: This review discusses the scientific evidence regarding effects of insufficient rest on clinical performance and house officer training programs, the associations of clinical duty scheduling with insufficient rest, and the implications for risk management. STUDY DESIGN: Narrative review. METHODS: Several literature searches using broad terms such as "sleep deprivation," "veterinary," "physician," and "surgeon" were performed using PubMed and Google scholar. RESULTS: Sleep deprivation and insufficient rest have clear and deleterious effects on job performance, which in healthcare occupations impacts patient safety and practice function. The unique requirements of a career in veterinary surgery, which may include on-call shifts and overnight work, can lead to distinct sleep challenges and chronic insufficient rest with resultant serious but often poorly recognized impacts. These effects negatively impact practices, teams, surgeons, and patients. The self-assessment of fatigue and performance effect is demonstrably untrustworthy, reinforcing the need for institution-level protections. While the issues are complex and there is no one-size-fits-all approach, duty hour or workload restrictions may be an important first step in addressing these issues within veterinary surgery, as it has been in human medicine. CONCLUSION: Systematic re-examination of cultural expectations and practice logistics are needed if improvement in working hours, clinician well-being, productivity, and patient safety are to occur. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE (OR IMPACT): A more comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and consequence of sleep-related impairment better enables surgeons and hospital management to address systemic challenges in veterinary practice and training programs.

The Relationship Between Nurses' Quality of Work-Life on Organizational Loyalty and Job Performance in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between quality of work-life on the organizational loyalty and job performance in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design for collecting the data related to the nurses' quality of work-life, organizational loyalty, and job performance from nursing staff in Saudi Arabian hospitals. Three questionnaires were used in this study, which includes Quality of Work Life Scale (QWLS), Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ), and Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ). An online version of the survey questionnaire was generated using the Google survey, to which a link is generated for collecting data. At the end of the survey, 243 responses were received. After removing the incomplete responses, 209 responses were considered for the data analysis. The statistical techniques including t-tests and Pearson's correlation were used in the data analysis. Results: Nurse managers reflected good quality of life, and high loyalty toward their employers, and also reflected good job performance levels. However, staff nurses reflected poor quality of work-life, organizational loyalty, and job performance. Training and development had strong positive correlation with continuance commitment (r = 0.628, p < 0.01). Job satisfaction and job security held strong positive correlation with task performance (r = 0.601, p < 0.01) and contextual performance (r = 0.601, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Quality of work-life, organization loyalty, and job performance are positively correlated, and poor quality of work-life can negatively impact job performance and organizational loyalty of nurses.

Exploring Work Satisfaction and Characteristics of Iraqi Pharmacist Workforce

Abstract The objectives of this study were to describe work characteristics of Iraqi pharmacists, to compare pharmacist job satisfaction between private and public sectors and to assess factors influencing job satisfaction level. This cross-sectional study of pharmacists, their work sites and work satisfactions used an electronic questionnaire that was posted on Facebook pharmacy professional group from June to September 2018. The participants included pharmacists from all 18 Iraqi provinces. We used multiple linear regression to identify predictors of general job satisfaction among 13 pharmacist characteristics. We received 658 usable surveys. Approximately half (47.24%) of respondents indicated dissatisfaction with their primary workplace. Job performance, patient contact, satisfaction with manager, income and expectation satisfactions were significantly related with work satisfaction. Pharmacists working in the private sector had significantly more control over their workplace and higher satisfaction with manager, income and general satisfactions compared to those working in public sector. Pharmacists work in diverse settings across the public healthcare system, community pharmacies, private drug bureaus and academia. About half of them are dissatisfied with their primary workplace. The private sector has more satisfaction rate compared to the public sector. Thus, officials need to improve job environments in the public sector.

Impacts of heavy smoking and alcohol consumption on workplace presenteeism: A cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: Presenteeism refers to the practice of going to work despite poor health, resulting in subpar performance. This study aimed to explore the impacts of smoking and alcohol consumption on workplace presenteeism based on demographic, health-related, and employment variables.The study adopted a cross sectional design with 60,051 wage workers from the database of the second and third Korean Working Conditions Surveys in 2010 and 2011, respectively. A total of 41,404 workers aged 19 years and older, who had worked for at least 1 hour in the previous week, answered the survey questions. Chi-square test as well as univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted using SPSS, version 18.0, to determine the impacts of smoking and alcohol consumption on workplace presenteeism.Of the 41,404 Korean workers, 8512 (20.6%) had experienced presenteeism in the past 12 months. There were significant differences among gender, age, educational status, income, health problems, absenteeism, shift work, night shift, weekly working hours, exposure to secondhand smoke at work, and satisfaction with the workplace environment. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis, heavy smoking (adjusted odds ratio = 1.38, 95% confidence intervals [1.11, 1.72]) and high-risk drinking (adjusted odds ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence intervals [1.08, 1.31]) were significantly related to presenteeism among workers.The results of our study confirmed that smoking and alcohol drinking were related to presenteeism even after controlling other variables (demographic, health-related, and employment variables) that affect presenteeism. Smoking and alcohol drinking are associated with and potentially influence presenteeism; in particular, heavy smoking and high-risk drinking contributed to presenteeism. Companies that encourage employees to receive treatments for reduction of smoking or alcohol consumption may benefit from greater productivity. Hence, we should consider the impact of smoking and alcohol consumption in the workplace and build appropriate strategies and programs to help reduce these behaviors.

Factors detrimental to work productivity and daily activities in systemic lupus erythematosus patients - Analysis of the German LuLa study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with impaired work productivity and impaired daily activities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: The LuLa study is a longitudinal patient-reported study. Beyond sociodemographic data, work productivity, daily activities and fatigue, several other clinical outcome parameters (e.g. mental health-related quality of life and physical functioning, disease activity, damage and pain) were surveyed with validated questionnaires. The effects of confounders on work productivity (WPAI 2) and daily activity domains (WPAI 4) were studied by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 585 patients completed the questionnaire of whom 259 were employed and analysed. The median impairment in work productivity (WPAI 2) was 20% (Q1-3 0-40), and the median impairment in daily activities (WPAI 4) was 30% (Q1-3 10-50%). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that fatigue, pain, disease activity and health-related quality of life affected WPAI 2 and 4. Furthermore, we observed distinct synergistic effects of fatigue, disease activity and pain on both work productivity and daily activities: a higher impact of fatigue was associated with the reported extent of pain or disease activity. CONCLUSION: In employed patients with SLE, impaired work productivity and impaired daily activities were frequently reported. Fatigue, pain, disease activity and health-related quality of life demonstrated a detrimental impact, with a synergistic effect of fatigue, disease activity and pain. Hence, both optimized pain management and targeted immunomodulatory therapy are important for preserving active participation in life among patients with fatigue.

Personalized digital extension services and agricultural performance: Evidence from smallholder farmers in India.

Productivity growth in smallholder agriculture is an important driver of rural economic development and poverty reduction. However, smallholder farmers often have limited access to information, which can be a serious constraint for increasing productivity. One potential mechanism to reduce information constraints is the public agricultural extension service, but its effectiveness has often been low in the past. Digital technologies could enhance the effectiveness of extension by reducing outreach costs and helping to better tailor the information to farmers' individual needs and conditions. Using primary data from India, this study analyses the association between digital extension services and smallholder agricultural performance. The digital extension services that some of the farmers use provide personalized information on the types of crops to grow, the types and quantities of inputs to use, and other methods of cultivation. Problems of selection bias in the impact evaluation are reduced through propensity score matching (PSM) combined with estimates of farmers' willingness to pay for digital extension. Results show that use of personalized digital extension services is positively and significantly associated with input intensity, production diversity, crop productivity, and crop income.

Association of Laryngeal Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection With Work Productivity for Patients With Spasmodic Dysphonia.

Importance: A disordered voice can affect an individual across both work and non-work-related life domains. There is insufficient research on the effect of spasmodic dysphonia or its treatment with botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injections on work productivity. Objective: To assess whether employed patients with spasmodic dysphonia experience voice-related work productivity impairment before BoNT injection, and had a 10% or greater improvement in productivity 1 month after treatment with BoNT injection. Design, Setting, and Particpants: This prospective case series carried out in 2 laryngology outpatient clinics from November 1, 2015, to August 30, 2018 included a consecutive sample of adult employed patients diagnosed with spasmodic dysphonia. Analysis was conducted between November 1, 2015, to July 31, 2018. Exposures: Treatment with BoNT injection into the intrinsic laryngeal musculature. Main Outcomes and Measures: Eligible participants completed the following validated outcomes instruments immediately before and 1 month after outpatient laryngeal BoNT injection: the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment instrument (WPAI), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and WorkHoarse. Demographic, comorbidity, and occupational voice use data were also collected at baseline. The changes in outcome measures (primary, WPAI Work Productivity Impairment domain) were tested using a paired 2-tailed t test. Exploratory subgroup analyses were analyzed with multivariable linear regression, adjusting for demographic, comorbidity, and voice use variables. Results: Of the 101 patients enrolled, 75 completed the study. The mean (SD) age of the 75 completing participants was 55.7 (11.8) years and 53 (71%) were women. The participants who completed the study had mean (SD) voice-related work productivity impairment of 43% (27%) at baseline and 22% (23%) at 1 month after BoNT injection (difference, 20% [27%] improvement; 95% CI, 14%-27%; effect size, 0.74). Conclusions and Relevance: This case series study found that employed patients with spasmodic dysphonia reported voice-related work productivity impairment, which improved significantly 1 month after treatment with BoNT injection. The association of spasmodic dysphonia with voice-related work productivity appeared greater in women than men with comparable outcomes with BoNT treatment, but this exploratory sex-associated difference requires independent validation.

Using Consistently Low Performance to Identify Low-Quality Physician Groups.

Importance: There has been a growth in the use of performance-based payment models in the past decade, but inherently noisy and stochastic quality measures complicate the assessment of the quality of physician groups. Examining consistently low performance across multiple measures or multiple years could potentially identify a subset of low-quality physician groups. Objective: To identify low-performing physician groups based on consistently low performance after adjusting for patient characteristics across multiple measures or multiple years for 10 commonly used quality measures for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study used medical and pharmacy claims and laboratory data for enrollees ages 18 to 65 years with diabetes or CVD in an Aetna health insurance plan between 2016 and 2019. Each physician group's risk-adjusted performance for a given year was estimated using mixed-effects linear probability regression models. Performance was correlated across measures and time, and the proportion of physician groups that performed in the bottom quartile was examined across multiple measures or multiple years. Data analysis was conducted between September 2020 and May 2021. Exposures: Primary care physician groups. Main Outcomes and Measures: Performance scores of 6 quality measures for diabetes and 4 for CVD, including hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) testing, low-density lipoprotein testing, statin use, HbA1c control, low-density lipoprotein control, and hospital-based utilization. Results: A total of 786 641 unique enrollees treated by 890 physician groups were included; 414 655 (52.7%) of the enrollees were men and the mean (SD) age was 53 (9.5) years. After adjusting for age, sex, and clinical and social risk variables, correlations among individual measures were weak (eg, performance-adjusted correlation between any statin use and LDL testing for patients with diabetes, r = -0.10) to moderate (correlation between LDL testing for diabetes and LDL testing for CVD, r = .43), but year-to-year correlations for all measures were moderate to strong. One percent or fewer of physician groups performed in the bottom quartile for all 6 diabetes measures or all 4 cardiovascular disease measures in any given year, while 14 (4.0%) to 39 groups (11.1%) were in the bottom quartile in all 4 years for any given measure other than hospital-based utilization for CVD (1.1%). Conclusions and Relevance: A subset of physician groups that was consistently low performing could be identified by considering performance measures across multiple years. Considering the consistency of group performance could contribute a novel method to identify physician groups most likely to benefit from limited resources.

Relationship between mindfulness, stress, and performance in medical students in pediatric emergency simulations.

Objectives: Pediatric teams of emergency departments work under extreme stress, which affects high-level cognitive functions, specifically attention and memory. Therefore, the methods of stress management are being sought. Mindfulness as a process of intentionally paying attention to each moment with acceptance of each experience without judgment can potentially contribute to improving the performance of medical teams. Medical simulation is a technique that creates a situation to allow persons to experience a representation of a real event for the purpose of education. It has been shown that emergency medicine simulation may create a high physiological fidelity environment similarly to what is observed in a real emergency room. The aim of our study was to determine whether the technical and non-technical skills of medical students in the course of pediatric high fidelity simulations are related to their mindfulness and stress. Participants and methods: A total of 166 standardized simulations were conducted among students of medicine in three simulation centers of medical universities, assessing: stress sensation (subjectively and heart rate/blood pressure), technical (checklists) and non-technical skills (Ottawa scale) and mindfulness (five facet mindfulness questionnaire): ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03761355. Results: The perception of stress among students was lower and more motivating if they were more mindful. Mindfulness of students correlated positively with avoiding fixation error. In the consecutive simulations the leaders' non-technical skills improved, although no change was noted in their technical skills. Conclusion: The results of our research indicate that mindfulness influence the non-technical skills and the perception of stress of medical students during pediatric emergency simulations. Further research is needed to show whether mindfulness training leads to improvement in this field.

Physiotherapist' job performance, impression management and organizational citizenship behaviors: An analysis of hierarchical linear modeling.

Studies on physiotherapists are generally focused on clinical professionalism, with very few examining job performance from a management standpoint. To address this gap, this study sought to investigate the relationship between impression management and organizational citizenship behavior and job performance. This study targeted medical institutions offering rehabilitation and physiotherapy services and conducted a questionnaire survey based on scales developed by domestic and foreign scholars. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed and 523 valid ones collected. The data was tested and verified using regression analysis and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). In the survey, the Impression Management Scale, Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale, and Job Performance Scale indicated that at the individual level, the impression management of physiotherapists is significantly related to their organizational citizenship behaviors and job performance. The organizational citizenship behaviors were also found to have a mediating effect between impression management and job performance. At the group level, impression management had a conditioning effect on organizational citizenship behaviors and job performance. In terms of statistical methods, group-level variables act as moderators, which affects the power of individual-level explanatory variables on outcome variables, i.e., the influence of the slope. The job behaviors of physiotherapists entail direct service and their performance is closely related to organizational development. Impression management gives people certain purposes and behaviors while organizational citizenship behaviors are a type of non-self-seeking, selfless dedication behaviors. Therefore, the motivation of physiotherapists who demonstrate organizational citizenship behaviors should be further explored.

Global structures and local network mechanisms of knowledge-flow networks.

Understanding the patterns and underlying mechanisms that come into play when employees exchange their knowledge is crucial for their work performance and professional development. Although much is known about the relationship between certain global network properties of knowledge-flow networks and work performance, less is known about the emergence of specific global network structures of knowledge flow. The paper therefore aims to identify a global network structure in blockmodel terms within an empirical knowledge-flow network and discuss whether the selected local network mechanisms are able to drive the network towards the chosen global network structure. Existing studies of knowledge-flow networks are relied on to determine the local network mechanisms. Agent-based modelling shows the selected local network mechanisms are able to drive the network towards the assumed hierarchical global structure.

COVID-19, Personal Protective Equipment, and Human Performance.

Clinicians who care for patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) must wear a full suite of personal protective equipment, including an N95 mask or powered air purifying respirator, eye protection, a fluid-impermeable gown, and gloves. This combination of personal protective equipment may cause increased work of breathing, reduced field of vision, muffled speech, difficulty hearing, and heat stress. These effects are not caused by individual weakness; they are normal and expected reactions that any person will have when exposed to an unusual environment. The physiologic and psychologic challenges imposed by personal protective equipment may have multiple causes, but immediate countermeasures and long-term mitigation strategies can help to improve a clinician's ability to provide care. Ultimately, a systematic approach to the design and integration of personal protective equipment is needed to improve the safety of patients and clinicians.

Personal Protective Equipment in COVID-19: Impacts on Health Performance, Work-Related Injuries, and Measures for Prevention.

OBJECTIVE: To assess impact of personal protective equipment (PPE) on healthcare providers (HCPs) in caring for COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over 50 hospitals in China. Descriptive analyses and Chi-square tests were performed on the collected data. RESULTS: All 104 frontline HCPs report negative impacts of PPE on their clinical performance, 97% of them experienced discomfort and injuries caused by wearing PPE for long hours. Frontline HCPs provided suggestions to alleviate the negative impacts and to enhance communication between healthcare staff and patients. Two hundred eighty two non-frontline HCPs also revealed similar problems; however, we recorded a few discrepancies between answers given by frontline and non-frontline HCPs. CONCLUSIONS: Wearing PPE for long hours degrades health performance. Measures were suggested to improve the design of PPE for protecting HCPs and enhancing their services to COVID patients.

Are blue-collar workers more physically active than white-collar at work?

This study evaluates the physical activity level at work and leisure time of white-collar and two groups of blue-collar workers from the latex glove industry and the association of physical activity level and musculoskeletal complains and work ability. The workers' sociodemographic and behavioral health characteristics, work ability index, musculoskeletal complains, total step count and caloric expenditure for three consecutive days, were assessed. The blue-collar workers that move most from the workstation (longD) were more physically active at work compared to white-collar and blue-collar that moved close the workstation (shortD). But in leisure-time the result is reversed, white-collar and blue-collar groups were significantly more active. There was no association between physical activity level and musculoskeletal pain intensity and work ability. All the groups of workers exhibited satisfactory physical activity levels, but only blue-collar (longD) were more physically active (10,000 steps per day).

Impact of chronic constipation on health-related quality of life and work productivity in Japan.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The impact of chronic constipation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), work productivity, and healthcare resource use in Japan is not well understood. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the humanistic burden of respondents with chronic constipation to respondents without chronic constipation and to respondents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), respectively. METHODS: This cross-sectional study collected demographic and general health data and HRQoL data as measured by the Short Form 12-Item (Version 2) Health Survey and EuroQol 5-dimension health surveys. Health impacts on employment-related activities and indirect costs were measured using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire. Propensity score matching was used to identify a control group without chronic constipation. Multivariate generalized linear models were used to identify potential factors that may impact the outcomes of respondents. RESULTS: A total of 30 001 individuals responded to the Japan National Health and Wellness Survey 2017, whereof 3373 (11.2%) reported having chronic constipation; 963 were physician diagnosed. Compared with matched controls, patients with physician-diagnosed chronic constipation had lower mean HRQoL scores and higher mean absenteeism, presenteeism, total Work Productivity and Activity Impairment, and indirect costs. Physician-diagnosed chronic constipation was associated with a higher health burden than T2DM, IBS, and GERD. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic constipation is associated with a considerable health burden, which is higher compared with T2DM, IBS, and GERD. These results suggest an urgent need for effective treatment of Japanese patients with chronic constipation to improve their quality of life.

Pediatric emergency department utilisation during Ramadan: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of Ramadan on patient characteristics, diagnoses and metrics in the paediatric emergency department (PED). DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: PED of a tertiary care centre in Lebanon. PATIENTS: All paediatric patients. EXPOSURE: Ramadan (June 2016 and 2017) versus the months before and after Ramadan (non-Ramadan). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient and illness characteristics and PED metrics including peak patient load; presentation timings; length of stay; and times to order tests, receive samples and report results. RESULTS: We included 5711 patients with mean age of 6.1±5.3 years and 55.4% males. The number of daily visits was 28.3±6.5 during Ramadan versus 31.5±7.3 during non-Ramadan (p=0.004). The peak time of visits ranged from 18:00 to 22:00 during non-Ramadan versus from 22:00 to 02:00 during Ramadan. During Ramadan, there were significantly more gastrointestinal (GI) and trauma-related complaints (39.0% vs 35.4%, p=0.01 and 2.9% vs 1.8%, p=0.005). The Ramadan group had faster work efficiency measures such as times to order tests (21.1±21.3 vs 24.3±28.1 min, p<0.0001) and to collect samples (50.7±44.5 vs 54.8±42.6 min, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Ramadan changes presentation patterns, with fewer daily visits and a later peak time of visits. Ramadan also affects illness presentation patterns with more GI and trauma cases. Fasting times during Ramadan did not affect staff work efficiency. These findings could help EDs structure their staffing to optimise resource allocation during Ramadan.

Heat stress and PPE during COVID-19: impact on healthcare workers' performance, safety and well-being in NHS settings.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) can potentiate heat stress, which may have a negative impact on the wearer's performance, safety and well-being. In view of this, a survey was distributed to healthcare workers (HCWs) required to wear PPE during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the UK to evaluate perceived levels of heat stress and its consequences. Respondents reported experiencing several heat-related illness symptoms, and heat stress impaired both cognitive and physical performance. The majority of respondents stated that wearing PPE made their job more difficult. These, and additional, responses suggest that modification to current working practices is required urgently to improve the resilience of HCWs to wearing PPE during pandemics.